What is the requirement for expiation when separate oaths are sworn for distinct acts and a transgression occurs in one?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Oaths
Primary text
If separate oaths are sworn using distinct formulations, such as 'By Allah, I will not eat,' 'By Allah, I will not drink,' and 'By Allah, I will not wear,' and the person violates one, one expiation is due. If that expiation is paid and subsequently a violation of another oath occurs, a second, separate expiation is required. This applies even if the violations occur before any expiation is made for the first; in that case, an expiation is due for each oath violated. This is the apparent position of the school, supported by the view of the majority of early scholars.
Supporting text
Abu Bakr held that a single expiation suffices for all transgressions in this scenario, a position also narrated from Ahmad by some. This view is considered correct by Al-Qadi because these are expiations of the same kind, leading to their concurrence, similar to how multiple instances of the same type of *hadd* (prescribed punishment) might be mitigated or how multiple distinct violations of oaths with different expiations would not overlap.