How is the Prayer of Intense Fear (Salat al-Khawf al-Shadid) performed when combat is joined?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of the Prayer of Fear
Primary text
When fear is intense and fighting has commenced, it is permissible for them to pray in whatever manner possible: standing or mounted, facing the Qibla if able, or otherwise, performing bowing and prostration by pointing according to capacity. The prostration must be lower than the bowing. They may advance, retreat, strike, stab, charge, and flee, but they must not delay the prayer past its prescribed time. This is the position of the majority of scholars.
Supporting text
Abu Hanifa and Ibn Abi Layla maintain that prayer is not performed during active combat or while walking, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not pray during the Battle of the Trench and instead delayed the prayer. They argue that what prevents prayer in lesser fear also prevents it in intense fear, such as impurity or shouting. Al-Shafi'i permits prayer, but if the person continues striking, stabbing, or walking for a prolonged period, the prayer is nullified because such actions are prayer-voiding acts, akin to impurity.