Does bowing (Ruku') substitute for prostration (Sujud)?

Chapter on the Description of Prayer

Al-Mughni

Book of Prayer

Book 3 · Issue 1 · Bab 5

Open in Qurani

Primary text

Bowing does not substitute for prostration. This is the established ruling because prostration is a prescribed act of worship, and bowing cannot take its place, similar to how bowing in prayer does not substitute for the prostration of prayer. The evidence cited by the opposing view regarding the statement {And he fell down bowing and returned} (Quran 38:24) is invalid because the intended meaning is prostration, evidenced by the verb 'fell down' (kharr), which is not used to describe one who is bowing. Furthermore, what is narrated concerning the Prophet David (peace be upon him) is prostration, not bowing, or if he did bow, it was an act of repentance, not related to the prostration of recitation.

Supporting text

Abu Hanifa holds that bowing substitutes for prostration as a recommended (mustahabb) act, based on the interpretation of the verse {And he fell down bowing and returned} (Quran 38:24).