Is the call to prayer (Adhan) superior to leading the prayer (Imamah), or vice versa?
Chapter on Adhan
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
The narrative suggests that Imamah is superior because the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his successors performed it themselves, while not performing the Adhan themselves, indicating they only choose what is most excellent. Furthermore, the Imam is selected based on superior status and virtue, and the consideration of his virtue proves the high rank of his position.
Supporting text
The alternative view holds that the Adhan is superior. This is the position of Al-Shafi'i, supported by narrations regarding its virtue. Evidence includes the tradition where the Prophet stated, "The Imam is a guarantor, and the Mu'adhin is a trustee. O Allah, guide the Imams, and forgive the Mu'adhins" (Narrated by Abu Dawud and Al-Nasa'i). Trustworthiness (Amanah) is held to be higher than guarantee (Daman), and forgiveness is higher than guidance. The Prophet and the Caliphs did not undertake the Adhan due to the shortness of their time for it; thus, 'Umar is reported to have said, "If not for the Caliphate, I would have given the call to prayer." This view is chosen by Al-Qadi, Ibn Abi Musa, and a group of our colleagues.