Is congregational prayer obligatory for the five daily prayers?
Chapter on Imamate and Congregational Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
Congregational prayer is obligatory for the five daily prayers. This position is held by figures such as Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Musa, 'Ata', al-Awza'i, and Abu Thawr. The evidence supporting this obligation includes the divine command regarding prayer during times of fear: "And when you are among them and establish the prayer for them" (Quran 4:102). Furthermore, a severe threat was issued against those neglecting the congregation without a valid excuse, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) threatened to burn the houses of men who did not attend prayer. Evidence also comes from the report that the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded the blind man who had no guide to attend prayer after hearing the call, stating, "Then answer." Additionally, it is narrated that whoever hears the caller and has no excuse such as fear or illness, his prayer will not be accepted. The severity is further underscored by the statement that the devil overtakes a community where the prayer is not established among three people, emphasizing the importance of the congregation, for the wolf eats the solitary sheep.
Supporting text
Congregational prayer is not obligatory for Malik, al-Thawri, Abu Hanifa, and al-Shafi'i. Their evidence rests upon the Hadith stating, "The prayer in congregation is superior to the solitary prayer by twenty-five degrees" (Agreed upon Hadith), which implies superiority rather than obligation. They also cite that the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not censure the two men who reported praying in their dwelling places. They argue that if it were obligatory, it would be a condition for the prayer's validity, similar to the Friday prayer.