What distinguishes the third and fourth Rak'ah for the latecomer from the second Rak'ah?

Primary text

The third and fourth Rak'ah are performed like the second Rak'ah, with the exception that the latecomer does not recite anything after Al-Fatihah in these Rak'ah, nor do they recite aloud in the congregational prayers where recitation is vocalized. The detailed explanation of this ruling is reserved for later.