Is it permissible to leave the mosque after the Adhan without a valid excuse?
Chapter on Adhan
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
Leaving the mosque after the Adhan is prohibited except for a valid excuse. This practice is established upon the action of the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and those who followed them. Evidence is found in the report where a man left the mosque after the Adhan, prompting Abu Hurayrah to state that the man had disobeyed Abu al-Qasim (the Prophet, peace be upon him). Furthermore, a narration from Uthman ibn Affan states that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever hears the Adhan in the mosque and then leaves, and he leaves not for a need, nor intending to return, then he is a hypocrite." This hadith is considered Hasan Sahih (good and authentic) by Al-Tirmidhi.
Supporting text
Leaving for a valid excuse is permissible, as evidenced by Ibn Umar leaving the mosque due to the call for 'Tathwib' (a secondary call) at an inappropriate time. Similarly, one who intends to return to the mosque is permitted to leave.