Is prayer obligatory upon a discerning, prepubescent boy?
Chapter on Prayer Times
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
Prayer is not obligatory upon a discerning, prepubescent boy, according to the soundest of the two narrations. If such a boy prays within the prescribed time, and then attains puberty either during the prayer or after finishing it, he must repeat the prayer. This position is held by Abu Hanifa. The reasoning is that he prayed before the obligation became incumbent upon him and before the cause for its obligation was present, meaning the prayer does not count for the obligation that later became due, similar to one praying before the proper time. Furthermore, his action counted as a supererogatory act (*nafl*) and does not suffice for the obligatory act, like intending a supererogatory act when an obligatory one is due.
Supporting text
Another narration suggests that prayer becomes obligatory upon a boy when he reaches the age of ten. Al-Shafi'i holds that the prayer suffices, and repetition is not required in either instance (during or after reaching puberty within the time frame), because he fulfilled the obligation specific to that time slot, similar to an adult.