If a previous Imam recovers and returns to lead after appointing a deputy during his illness, can he emulate the Prophet's action with Abu Bakr?
Chapter on Imamate and Congregational Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
There are two narrations regarding whether the original Imam may resume leadership as the Prophet (peace be upon him) did with Abu Bakr. One narration states that this is exclusive to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and not permissible for others. Ahmad stated this because this action contradicts analogy; the transfer of the Imam becoming a follower and followers moving to a new Imam is only permissible due to necessity. The Prophet's unique virtue and high rank were not shared by others. Abu Bakr himself acknowledged this when he said Ibn Abi Quhafah should not stand before the Messenger of Allah.
Supporting text
The second narration permits this for others. Ahmad, in the narration of Al-Harith, stated that whoever acts as the Prophet did should say 'Allahu Akbar,' sit next to the current Imam, begin recitation from where the Imam stopped, and lead the people standing. This is based on the principle that what the Prophet did was permissible for his Ummah unless evidence proved it specific to him. A third narration suggests this is permissible only for the Caliph, not other Imams, due to the superior rank of the Caliphate.