Is the prohibition on praying after the Asr prayer related to the time or the act of praying Asr?

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The prohibition concerning the time after the Asr prayer is related to the act of performing the Asr prayer itself. Therefore, one who did not perform the Asr prayer is permitted to offer voluntary prayers (Nafl), even if others prayed Asr. Conversely, one who prayed Asr is prohibited from offering Nafl prayers, even if no one else prayed Asr. This point is generally agreed upon by those who prohibit prayer after Asr.