What is the recommended procedure for calling to prayer when making up missed prayers?
Chapter on Adhan
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
It is recommended that a person who has missed prayers should make the Adhan (call to prayer) for the first missed prayer, and then make the Iqamah (call to stand for prayer) for every subsequent missed prayer. If the Adhan is omitted entirely, it is permissible. Imam Ahmad supports the view that the Adhan should be given for the first prayer, and then only the Iqamah made for the others, citing the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud regarding the Prophet (PBUH) making up four prayers missed during the Battle of the Trench: Bilal first made Adhan and Iqamah for Dhuhr, then only Iqamah for Asr, then only Iqamah for Maghrib, and finally only Iqamah for Isha. This is seen as an accepted addition from a trustworthy narrator (Hushaym). If the missed prayers are being made up alone, the recommendation for the Adhan is lessened because the Adhan is for announcing the time to the public, which is unnecessary when praying alone.
Supporting text
There are alternative opinions regarding the call to prayer for missed prayers. One view, held by Malik, is that only the Iqamah should be made, as the Adhan is specifically for announcing the time, which has already passed. Another view suggests making the Adhan only if people are expected to gather, as the Adhan is primarily for announcement. Imam Abu Hanifa maintains that both Adhan and Iqamah should be made for every missed prayer, analogizing that what is legislated for the performance of prayer is legislated for its makeup, similar to other Sunnah practices.