What is the requirement for covering the 'Awrah (private parts) during prayer?
Chapter on the Description of Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
Prayer is invalid unless the 'Awrah is covered from oneself and others. If one prays in a Qamis with a loose opening such that the 'Awrah becomes visible upon bowing or prostrating, the prayer is invalid. This is supported by the Hadith of Salama ibn al-Akwa' where the Prophet, peace be upon him, instructed him to pray in a single Qamis, stating, 'Wrap it around yourself, even with a thorn.' Ahmad stated that if the Qamis is not wrapped around the waist, one should wrap it.
Supporting text
If the visibility of the 'Awrah is minor, the prayer is permissible. Consequently, if the 'Awrah becomes visible to oneself or others, the prayer is nullified. However, if the opening of the Qamis is tight, or if the waist is secured with a Mizar or rope over the garment, or if one has a beard that covers the opening preventing sight, or if an Izaar is tied, or a Ridaa or piece of cloth is placed over the opening to conceal the 'Awrah, the prayer suffices. This is the established position of Al-Shafi'i.