What is the ruling on the actions performed in the second rak'ah compared to the first?

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The second rak'ah is performed identically to the first rak'ah as previously described. This is established because the Prophet (peace be upon him) described the first rak'ah to the one praying incorrectly, and then commanded, 'Do that in your entire prayer.' There is no known disagreement on this principle. However, the second rak'ah omits the intention renewal, the opening Takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram), and the opening supplication (Istiftah) because these are specific to initiating the prayer. It is narrated by Muslim that when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) rose from the second rak'ah, he would commence recitation with Surah Al-Fatiha (Alhamdu Lillaahi Rabbil 'Aalameen) without observing a pause.