What is the ruling on the interval between two prayers combined in the time of the first prayer?
Chapter on the Traveler's Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
When combining prayers in the time of the first prayer, continuity between them must be observed, meaning the separation between the two prayers must be only a slight separation (tafriq yaseer). If the separation is prolonged, the combination (jam'u) is invalidated. This is because the meaning of combination implies sequence or proximity. If the separation is significant (tafriq katheer), the combination is void, regardless of the reason for the separation, whether it was due to sleep, forgetfulness, occupation, intent, or other reasons. A slight separation does not invalidate the combination because it is unavoidable. The determination of what constitutes a slight versus a significant separation refers back to custom and usage (urf and 'adah); there is no fixed measure for it, though some companions estimated it to be the duration required for ablution (wudu') and prayer. The sound position is that there is no fixed measure, as matters not specified by the Lawgiver cannot be quantified; reference must be made to custom, similar to concepts like 'possession' (ihraz) or 'seizure' (qabd).
Supporting text
If the worshipper needs to perform ablution or dry ablution (tayammum) between the combined prayers, it is permissible if the separation is not prolonged. If the worshipper speaks a small amount of speech between the prayers, the combination is not invalidated. However, if the worshipper prays the Sunnah prayer between the two obligatory prayers, the combination is invalidated because the Sunnah prayer constitutes a significant separation, similar to praying any other non-required prayer between them. A dissenting opinion holds that praying the Sunnah does not invalidate the combination, viewing it as a slight separation comparable to performing wudu'.