What is the ruling on maintaining the sequence (Tartīb) between a current prayer (Hāḍirah) and a forgotten missed prayer (Fā'itah) when time is limited?
Chapter on the Description of Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
If the time remaining for the current prayer is insufficient to perform both the current prayer and make up the missed prayers, the requirement for sequence is waived, and the current prayer must be performed first, followed by making up the missed prayer. This position is held by Sa'īd ibn al-Musayyab, al-Hasan, al-Awzā'ī, al-Thawrī, Isḥāq, and the Companions of Ra'y (Aṣḥāb al-Ra'y). This ruling applies if the person does not intend to repeat the prayer they are currently engaged in, maintaining its status as the obligatory prayer. This exception is based on the principle that the current prayer's time has become restricted, preventing postponement, akin to a situation where no missed prayer was owed.
Supporting text
Another narration from Ahmad states that sequence is obligatory regardless of whether time is ample or restricted. This view is attributed to 'Aṭā', al-Zuhrī, al-Layth, and Malik. A third narration suggests sequence is required if the remaining time allows for making up all missed prayers before the current one expires, but if one cannot make up all missed prayers before the current one's time lapses, sequence is waived, and the current prayer is prioritized. This latter view is chosen by Abū Ḥafṣ al-'Ukbarī.