What is the ruling on making up acts of worship for an apostate (Murtadd)?
Chapter on Prayer Times
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
There are differing views regarding the apostate. According to one narration attributed to Ahmad via Abu Ishaq ibn Shaqila, the apostate is not obligated to make up acts left during disbelief nor acts left during their Islam before apostasy. If they performed Hajj, they must repeat it because their deeds are nullified by disbelief, based on the verse: 'If you should commit shirk, your deeds will surely be rendered worthless' (Quran 39:65), making them like a congenital disbeliever in all rulings. The second narration states that they must make up acts missed during apostasy and during their Islam before apostasy, but Hajj does not need repetition because deeds are only nullified if the apostate dies in a state of disbelief, supported by the verse (Quran 2:217), which requires both apostasy and death as conditions for nullification. This second view is the Madhhab of Al-Shafi'i, arguing the apostate acknowledged the obligation of worship and had the ability to perform them.
Supporting text
A third narration from Al-Qadi states that the apostate does not make up acts missed during apostasy because they were not addressed with those obligations due to their disbelief, but they must make up acts missed during their prior state of Islam because the obligation was established and addressed before the apostasy. This third view is considered the established Madhhab by Abu Abd Allah ibn Hamid, and under this ruling, they do not need to repeat Hajj because their liability was discharged by the act performed during Islam.