What is the ruling regarding recitation (Istiftah and Isti'adha) for a latecomer (*Masbuq*) who joins the Imam after the first Rak'ah?

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If the latecomer joins the Imam after the first Rak'ah, they do not recite the opening supplication (*Istiftah*). Concerning the seeking of refuge (*Isti'adha*), if it is deemed specific to the first Rak'ah, the latecomer omits it, as the portion joining the Imam is considered the end of their prayer. Upon rising to complete the missed parts, the latecomer recites the *Istiftah* and *Isti'adha*. This is explicitly stated by Ahmad. However, if *Isti'adha* is required in every Rak'ah, the latecomer recites it before beginning recitation in the subsequent Rak'ah, based on the command: "So when you recite the Qur'an, seek refuge in Allah from Satan, the outcast" (Quran 16:98).