What is the ruling and scope of the Duha (Forenoon) prayer?
Chapter on the Times When Prayer is Prohibited
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
The Duha prayer is recommended (Mustahabb). Evidence for this is the instruction given by the Prophet (peace be upon him) to Abu Hurayrah to observe three things, one of which was the two Rak'ahs of Duha. Similarly, Abu al-Darda’ reported that his beloved instructed him in three things not to abandon, including the Duha prayer. It serves as charity for every joint in the body. The minimum number of Rak'ahs is two, based on the command to perform two Rak'ahs as sufficient compensation for the charitable duties of the morning joints. The maximum number according to our companions is eight Rak'ahs, based on the narration that the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed eight Rak'ahs on the day of the conquest of Mecca, while perfecting the bowing and prostration.
Supporting text
The time for Duha prayer is when the sun has risen high and its heat intensifies, corresponding to the description 'when the young camels' shins become scorched' (tarmidh al-fisal). Some of our companions hold that continuous performance (Muwadama) is not recommended because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not continuously perform it, as Aisha stated she never saw him pray Duha. They argue that consistent performance resembles the obligatory prayers (Fara'id). Conversely, Abu al-Khattab argued that continuous performance is recommended because the Prophet (peace be upon him) enjoined it upon his companions, and the most beloved deed to Allah is that which is performed consistently.