Is the second congregational prayer (Jum'ah prayer) obligatory if one catches only enough time for the first prayer before an impediment occurs?

Chapter on Prayer Times

Al-Mughni

Book of Prayer

Book 3 · Issue 1 · Bab 2

Open in Qurani

Primary text

If a legally responsible person catches an amount of time during the first of the two Jum'ah prayer times sufficient for the obligation to become due, but then becomes insane, or if a woman begins menstruation or post-natal bleeding, and the excuse ceases after the prayer time has passed, the second prayer is not obligatory according to one narration, and its makeup is not required. This view is chosen by Ibn Hamid. The reasoning is that the person did not catch any portion of the time for the second prayer, nor the time following it, so it is not obligatory, similar to the case where no part of the first prayer's time was caught. Furthermore, the second prayer time is a time for both prayers simultaneously because the first prayer can be performed during the time of the second, whereas the first prayer time is not considered a time for the second prayer in any state for one who permits Jum'ah only in the second time slot. For those who permit Jum'ah in the first time slot, delaying the second prayer as a concession requires the intention of postponing and not separating the prayers; if the first is delayed until the time of the second, it becomes a performed act rather than an obligatory one, and its makeup is not required, nor is the intention of combining them necessary, nor is separation stipulated, thus the analogy of the second prayer to the first is invalid. The fundamental principle is that a prayer is not obligatory unless its time is realized.

Supporting text

Another narration states that the second prayer is obligatory and its makeup is required because it is one of the two Jum'ah prayers, thus becoming obligatory upon realizing a part of the time of the other prayer, similar to the first prayer.