Does a traveler complete their prayer if they pass through a town where they have family or property?
Chapter on the Traveler's Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
Ahmad states in one view that the traveler must complete the prayer (i.e., pray the full four rak'ahs). This view is supported by the narration from Uthman, who prayed four rak'ahs in Mina, stating he had established residence ('ta'ahhul') in Makkah since his arrival, and that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever establishes residence in a land should pray the prayer of a resident." This hadith is narrated by Imam Ahmad in his Musnad. Ibn Abbas also supports this, stating that upon arriving where one has family or property, one should pray the prayer of the resident, because being present with one's family constitutes residency similar to the place from which one departed.
Supporting text
Ahmad states in another view that the traveler completes the prayer unless they are merely passing through. Malik holds that the traveler completes the prayer if they pass through a village containing their family or property, provided they intend to stay for a day and a night. Al-Zuhri stated that if one passes by their farm, they complete the prayer.