Validity of following an Imam when a physical barrier prevents sight
Chapter on Imamate and Congregational Prayer
Al-Mughni
Book of Prayer
Primary text
If a barrier prevents sight of the Imam or those behind him, there are two reported views. The preferred view is that following is invalid, based on 'Aishah's statement to women praying in her room regarding the barrier between them and the Imam. Another view is that it is valid, especially if the person is unable to pray elsewhere, such as on Friday when doors are closed, or if there is a barrier like a *sutrah* (screen) provided that no other option is available. Validity is affirmed if the call to prayer (*takbir*) can be heard, as hearing substitutes for sight, similar to the case of a blind person.
Supporting text
Al-Qadi chose the view that validity applies if both are in the mosque because it is the established location for congregation and proximity, but not valid if outside, citing 'Aishah's hadith. The decisive stance is that the underlying reason for permission or prohibition is the same in both mosque and non-mosque settings, so the ruling should be uniform. Hearing the Imam's *takbir* is necessary; otherwise, following is invalid.