Is ablution (Tayammum) valid if dust reaches the face and hands unintentionally without striking the ground?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
If dust reaches the face and hands without striking the ground, such as dust blown by the wind, validity is debated if the person intended it and held the necessary intention (niyyah). The sound opinion holds that it is invalid because the action did not constitute wiping (mas'h), whereas Allah the Almighty commanded wiping with the purified earth (Sa'id).
Supporting text
It is considered possible that such an act suffices, similar to intentionally standing in the rain until water runs over the limbs, provided the intention was present.