What constitutes the sufficient (I'jza') form of Ghusl (ritual bath) for Janaba (major ritual impurity)?
Chapter on Ghusl from Janabah (Major Impurity)
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
The sufficient form of Ghusl is achieved if one makes the intention (Niyyah) for both Ghusl and Wudu (minor ablution), performs gargling (Masmamah) and rinsing the nose (Istinshaq), and then pours water over the entire body. If one limits oneself to this, it suffices, though one leaves the preferred actions. The Hanbali school holds that the intention in the Ghusl suffices for both the major and minor ablutions simultaneously. The primary evidence for the obligation is found in Quran 4:43, which makes Ghusl the terminus for prohibiting prayer for the majorly impure person. Furthermore, since both actions are acts of worship of the same type, the minor act (Wudu) is included within the major act (Ghusl), similar to Umrah being included in Hajj.
Supporting text
A differing view, held by one narration from Imam Ahmad, one position of Imam Shafi'i, and others, maintains that Ghusl does not suffice for Wudu unless Wudu is performed either before or after the Ghusl. This is based on the Prophet's established practice (Sunnah) and the principle that both major ritual impurity (Janaba) and minor ritual impurity (Hadath) existing concurrently necessitate two separate purifications.