What constitutes 'travel' (*Safar*) that permits Tayammum?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Travel (*Safar*) is defined as that which permits shortening the prayer (*Qasr*) and breaking the fast during Ramadan. This includes short journeys, defined as travel that still falls under the name of travel, even if it is between two nearby or distant villages. According to Al-Qadi, if a person leaves for their small estate (*Day'ah*) and separates from the settled buildings and homes, even by fifty paces, Tayammum, praying on a riding animal, and consuming carrion out of necessity become permissible. This view is held by Malik and Al-Shafi'i.
Supporting text
It has been argued that Tayammum is only permissible during long travel. However, the absolute nature of the Divine decree stating, "And if you are ill or on a journey... then seek clean earth and wipe over your faces and your hands with it" (Quran 5:6), indicates permissibility for all travel. Furthermore, since short journeys occur frequently, the need for water scarcity arises often, thus necessitating the facilitation of Tayammum, just as in long journeys.