Does the hand immersion of a menstruating woman or an unbeliever affect the purity of water?

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The immersion of the hand of a menstruating woman (Haid) or an unbeliever (Kafir) in water does not affect its purity because their states of major ritual impurity or inherent state of disbelief do not transfer. For a person in a state of major ritual impurity (Junun), if they immerse their hand without the intention to remove the state of impurity, the water remains pure for ritual use. This is established by the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him, to the woman who asked about dipping her hand while Junub: "Water is not affected by major ritual impurity (junub)". Furthermore, impurity is not removed without intention, making it similar to the case of the menstruating woman.