Is it obligatory to use water for ablution if saving a companion, slave, or animal is feared?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
If a person fears for their companion, slave, or animals, the ruling is the same as fearing for oneself. The sanctity of the companion is like the sanctity of oneself. Fearing for animals is equivalent to fearing the loss of property. This is analogous to finding water that is guarded by a predator or a human threat to one's animals or property. Furthermore, if one finds a thirsty person in danger of death, one is obligated to give them water and perform dry ablution (tayammum). Imam Ahmad preferred giving water to the thirsty over performing ablution with the water oneself, citing the practice of several Companions of the Messenger of God who performed tayammum and reserved the water. The sanctity of a human life takes precedence over prayer, as demonstrated by the obligation to leave prayer if it is time-constrained to save someone from a fire or drowning. Therefore, precedence over purification using water is more appropriate.
Supporting text
Abu Bakr and Al-Qadi held that it is not obligatory to dispense the water because the individual possessing it is in need of it.