Is it permissible for a menstruating woman or a person in Janabah to recite part of a Quranic verse?
Chapter on the Obligation of Purification
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Reciting a partial verse is permissible if it is indistinguishable from general remembrance (Dhikr), such as saying 'Bismillah' or 'Alhamdulillah,' provided the intention is not to recite the Quran. There is no disagreement that they may engage in the remembrance of Allah, and they require the Basmalah during their ritual bath, making complete avoidance impossible. If the recitation intends to be the Quran, or if the fragment is distinctively Quranic, then there are two rulings.
Supporting text
One opinion holds that it is not permissible, derived from the general prohibition and because it is still Quran, exemplified by Ali (RA) stating a Junub may not recite even one letter. This is the position of Al-Shafi'i. The second opinion, held by Abu Hanifa, is that it is permissible because it does not achieve inimitability (i'jaz) and is insufficient for a sermon; it is permissible if not intended as recitation, and even if intended.