Is it permissible to perform Tayammum using materials other than fine dust, such as stone or marble?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Some scholars permit Tayammum with any material originating from the earth, such as lime (nura), arsenic (zarnikh), and stones. Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman permitted Tayammum with marble based on the narration that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "The earth has been made for me a mosque and a means of purification." Additionally, a narration from Abu Hurayrah concerning people who lack water for extended periods mentions the Prophet (peace be upon him) instructing them, "Adhere to the earth." The justification for permitting these materials is that they belong to the genus of earth, similar to dust.
Supporting text
Malik and Abu Hanifa permit usage of any material from the earth's genus. Al-Awza'i permitted using sand (raml). However, the opposing view holds that since the Quranic command specifies wiping (massing) with it, this action is only achieved if the material has dust that clings to the hand. The general purification afforded to water, the most common liquid, implies that purification should be restricted to dust, the most common solid.