Is it permissible to urinate in the path of people, a water source, or shade utilized by people?
Chapter on Cleaning oneself (Istitabah) and Impurity (Hadath)
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
It is forbidden to urinate in the path of people, water sources, or usable shade, based on the warning to avoid the three causes of cursing: relieving oneself at water sources, in the middle of the road, and in shade. It is also forbidden to urinate under a fruit-bearing tree when fruit is present, to prevent the fruit from falling onto the impurity. It is forbidden to urinate in stagnant water because the Prophet (peace be upon him) prohibited it.
Supporting text
Urinating in flowing water is permissible if the water is copious and not affected by the urine, as the specific prohibition of stagnant water implies a difference for flowing water. It is disliked to urinate in cracks or holes in the ground, as this may harbor creatures or spirits that could cause harm, and it is disliked to urinate in one's washing place due to fear of impurity or the origin of obsessive thoughts (*waswas*). It is also disliked to perform ablution or cleansing over one's urine spot to avoid subsequent impurity.