What is the legal status of a human being (Adamiyy) regarding purity?
Chapter on what purification is achieved with regarding water
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
The correct position in the madhhab is that a human being is pure while alive and after death, based on the Prophet's saying, 'The believer does not become impure,' which is agreed upon (Muttafaq 'alayh). This is supported because he is a human, and thus does not become impure upon death, unlike a martyr. If he did become impure upon death, purification by washing would not apply, as is the case with other impure animals.
Supporting text
There is an opinion from Ahmad that if a person falls into a well and dies, the water must be drawn out until it is mostly replaced. This aligns with Abu Hanifa's view that the person renders the water impure and it is purified by washing because he is a creature with flowing blood, like other animals upon death. There are two scholarly views within the Shafi'i school, corresponding to two narrations. Some suggest the non-believer might become impure upon death because the hadith only applies to the believer, and comparison is invalid as the non-believer is not prayed over and lacks the Muslim's sanctity.