Is prayer valid without Wudu or Tayammum if the person fears missing the Janazah prayer?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
It is ruled that the person should pray the funeral service without Wudu or Tayammum, as the funeral prayer involves supplication only, having no bowing or prostration, making it akin to general supplication outside of formal prayer. However, this is countered by the Prophet's saying, 'Allah does not accept prayer without purity,' and 'Allah does not accept the prayer of one who performs an invalidating act until he performs Wudu.' Furthermore, the permission for Tayammum is explicitly conditional upon not finding water as per {And you find no water, then seek clean earth} (Quran 5:6); if the condition (absence of water) is not met, the general rule of requiring water-purification remains.
Supporting text
Al-Shafi'i and Abu Hanifa hold that Wudu suffices for the Janazah prayer if performed later, as they consider the purification for mandatory and voluntary prayers to be the same. This is argued analogously to how one act suffices for the other regarding minor impurity discharge (like urine and feces).