What is the ruling on constructing, selling, buying, or renting public baths (Hammam)?

Chapter on Ghusl from Janabah (Major Impurity)

Al-Mughni

Book of Purification

Book 2 · Issue 3 · Bab 9

Open in Qurani

Primary text

Constructing, selling, buying, or renting a public bath is disliked (makruh) according to Abu Abdullah (Ahmad ibn Hanbal). Regarding someone who builds a bath specifically for women, he considered it unjust. When asked about renting out the bath, Ahmad expressed apprehension, suggesting dislike. If the renter stipulates that no one should enter without a lower garment (izar), he questioned how this could be enforced, indicating his disapproval. The dislike stems from the baths facilitating acts of wrongdoing, such as the uncovering and viewing of private parts, and women entering them.