What is the ruling of Malik and Al-Shafi'i regarding gargling and rinsing the nose in purification?
Chapter on the Obligation of Purification
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Malik and Al-Shafi'i hold that gargling and rinsing the nose are not obligatory in either purification ritual; rather, they are merely recommended (Sunnah) in both. This view is narrated from Al-Hasan, Al-Hakam, Hammad, Qatadah, Rabi'ah, Yahya al-Ansari, Al-Layth, and Al-Awza'i. Their evidence is the inclusion of these two actions among the ten characteristics of primordial nature (Fitrah) by the Prophet, peace be upon him, suggesting they are distinct from the essential obligations of Wudu. They also argue that the mouth and nose are internal parts and washing them is not obligatory like the inside of the beard or eyes, as the face's purpose is 'confrontation' which is not achieved through them.
Supporting text
The opposing evidence is the narration from 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that the Prophet said: 'Gargling and rinsing the nose are part of the indispensable Wudu.' Furthermore, every comprehensive description of the Prophet's Wudu mentions gargling and rinsing the nose, indicating their obligation. Their inclusion in Fitrah does not negate obligation, as Fitrah includes both obligatory and recommended acts, like circumcision, which is obligatory.