What is the ruling regarding purification after relieving oneself (Istitaabah and Istinjaa)?
Chapter on Cleaning oneself (Istitabah) and Impurity (Hadath)
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Purification (Istitaabah) involves using water (Istinjaa) or stones (Istijmaar) to remove impurity. Istinjaa derives from 'najawtu ash-shajarah' (I cut the tree), implying the cutting away of harm. Istijmaar involves using small stones (jimar). The primary opinion of the majority of scholars (Akthar Ahl al-'Ilm) dictates that Istinjaa is obligatory when solid or liquid matter exits the usual passages (like urine, feces, stones, worms, or hair), whether normally or rarely expelled, regardless of moisture or dryness. This obligation is proven by the Prophet's command: "When one of you goes to relieve nature, let him take three stones with him, for they suffice him." The command implies obligation, and the statement of sufficiency ('tajzi'uhu') is used for what is obligatory. Furthermore, prohibiting less than three stones implies that omitting the act entirely is more serious.
Supporting text
A dissenting view, attributed to Abu Hanifa, suggests that Istinjaa is not obligatory based on the Hadith concerning Istijmaar: 'Whoever performs Istijmaar should use an odd number of stones; whoever does so has done well, and whoever does not, there is no blame upon him.' This view implies that mere wiping suffices, similar to how a small amount of blood might be managed by wiping. Additionally, a statement attributed to Ibn Sirin suggests no issue for one who led prayer without having performed Istinjaa, which could imply non-obligation, though this might also cover cases where Istinjaa was not required (like after passing wind) or was forgotten.