Is Tayammum permissible for a sick person absolutely, regardless of the potential harm from water?
Chapter on Tayammum
Al-Mughni
Book of Purification
Primary text
Tayammum is not permissible for a sick person who finds water and does not fear harm from its use. This is analogous to a healthy person who finds water. The basis for this ruling is that the Quranic allowance requires the absence of water, thus not encompassing a situation where water is present but its use is merely optional. Moreover, the allowance requires an implied necessity, and necessity only arises when harm is present.
Supporting text
Malik and Dawud are reported to have permitted Tayammum for the sick absolutely, based on the apparent meaning of the verse concerning sickness or travel (Quran 4:43).