Is there a difference in the ruling between a small amount and a large amount of impurity (najasah)?

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There is no distinction in the ruling concerning impurity between a small amount (yaseer) and a large amount (katheer). This applies to all impurities, regardless of whether the small amount is discernible by sight (yudrikuhu al-taraf) or not. If an impurity contaminates water, the water takes on the ruling of that impurity because the contamination of the water originates from and is a derivative of the impurity that fell into it; the derivative follows the ruling of its origin.