What are the stipulated conditions for the validity of archery competition (Munadhalah)?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Racing and Archery
Primary text
There are eight stipulated conditions for the validity of archery competition (Munadhalah). First, the total number of shots (rashq) must be known, as uncertainty leads to dispute regarding completion. Second, the required number of hits (ishabah) must be known; however, stipulating an extremely rare outcome, such as hitting with all shots or nine-tenths of them, is invalid because it defeats the purpose as such an outcome is unlikely to occur. Third, there must be equality between the competitors regarding the number of shots, the required hits, the description of the hit, and all other circumstances of the throw. Conditions that cause disparity in throwing circumstances, such as one shooting from closer or farther, or having an obstruction while shooting, invalidate the contest because the essence of the competition is to measure skill through equality.
Supporting text
Fourth, the description of the hit must be specified, such as 'khawasil' (hitting the target precisely), 'hawabi' (falling in front of the target after bouncing), 'khawasir' (hitting the side of the target), 'khawariq' (piercing the target and falling in front), 'khawasiq' (piercing and sticking in the target), 'muwariq' (piercing through and falling behind), or 'khawazim' (piercing the edge of the target). Stipulating both 'khawasiq' and 'hawabi' simultaneously is valid. Fifth, the size of the target (gharad) must be known through visual inspection or estimation by a defined measure, like a handspan. Sixth, the distance must be known, either by sight or measurement (e.g., 100 cubits), but a distance where hitting is practically impossible, generally exceeding 300 cubits, is invalid as it frustrates the purpose.