Who owns running minerals such as bitumen (qār), oil (naft), or water when they appear on owned land?

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There are two narrations concerning the ownership of running minerals like bitumen, oil, and water that emerge on one's property. The stronger narration is that the owner does not own them. This is supported by the Prophet's saying: 'The people are partners in three things: water, pasture (*kalā*), and fire,' as narrated by Al-Khallal. Additionally, these substances are not considered part of the land's structure, so ownership of the land does not confer ownership of them, similar to buried treasure.