Is a sacrifice valid if a defect preventing fulfillment arises after it has been designated for Udhiyah?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Sacrifices (Uḍḥiyah)
Primary text
If a valid, sound animal is designated for sacrifice, and subsequently a defect arises that prevents its fulfillment (ijza'), sacrificing it suffices. This view is held by 'Ata', Al-Hasan, Al-Nakha'i, Al-Zuhri, Al-Thawri, Malik, Al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. The evidence for this is the report from Abu Sa'id that they purchased a ram for sacrifice, and a wolf injured its flank. When they asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, he commanded them to sacrifice it. The reasoning is that a defect occurring in the obligated sacrifice does not prevent fulfillment, similar to a defect occurring during the act of slaughter. It is further argued that the obligation is attached to the specific animal itself, not merely an obligation in the debt (dhimmah).
Supporting text
The Hanafis (Ahl al-Ra'y) hold that it is not valid because the sacrifice is considered obligatory upon them in their obligation (dhimmah), and thus it can only be fulfilled by the shedding of blood from an unblemished animal, analogous to when an obligation is due in one's debt and then a specific animal is designated for it and then becomes defective.