May a slave, mudabbar, mukatab, or umm walad offer a sacrifice without their master's permission?

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A slave (abd), mudabbar (a slave whose freedom is promised upon the master's death), and umm walad (a female slave who has borne her master a child) may not offer a sacrifice except with the permission of their masters because they are restricted from making dispositions without permission. The mukatab (a slave gaining freedom through installments) is restricted from making a gratuitous gift (tabarru'), and the sacrifice is considered a gratuitous gift.