How is the principle of 'like for like' applied when exchanging items of the same genus but different species or varieties?

Chapter on Riba (Usury) and Exchange (Sarf)

Al-Mughni

Book of Sales

Book 12 · Issue 6 · Bab 3

Open in Qurani

Primary text

When two things share a specific common name, they constitute a genus (jins), such as the different varieties of dates or types of wheat. All dates are one genus because the specific name 'dates' encompasses them, even if the varieties differ, such as Barnī, Ma'qulī, Ibrāhīmī, and Khāstawī. For any two items that share the same genus, the legal ruling prohibiting unequal exchange applies, even if the species (anwā') differ, based on the Prophet's saying: "Dates for dates, like for like, and wheat for wheat, like for like." Equality was required based on the genus (dates for dates, wheat for wheat).

Supporting text

If the species differ, one may sell them as one wishes, according to other narrations, unless the colors differ. There is no scholarly disagreement regarding the obligation of equality in dates for dates and other items mentioned in the Hadith when the species are the same, even if the varieties within that species differ.