What is the minimum requirement for an absolute vow of prayer (Salat)?

General Chapter

Al-Mughni

Book of Vows

Book 61 · Issue 8 · Bab 1

Open in Qurani

Primary text

There are two narrations regarding the minimum for an absolute vow of prayer. One states that one rak'ah suffices, based on the fact that the minimum of prayer is one rak'ah (as exemplified by Witr prayer) and that 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) voluntarily prayed a single rak'ah. The second narration states that two rak'ahs are the minimum, which is the view held by Abu Hanifa. This is because the minimum prayer established by divine decree is two rak'ahs, so the vow must be interpreted as such, as Witr is considered voluntary (nafl) while the minimum obligatory prayer is more fundamental.

Supporting text

Shafi'i has two opinions corresponding to these two narrations. If the number of rak'ahs is specified in the vow, the exact number, whether small or large, must be fulfilled because the vow and its count are established by the person's declaration, similar to an oath when the intention aligns with the utterance.