What is the ruling if the child is born after six months from the buyer's intercourse before an *istibra'*?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Waiting Periods ('Iddah)
Primary text
If the child is born after six months from the buyer's intercourse before an *istibra'*, the lineage is established to the buyer. If the seller claims paternity and the buyer affirms it, the lineage is established to the seller, and the sale is nullified. If the buyer denies the seller's claim, the buyer's word prevails regarding ownership.
Supporting text
If both claim paternity from the other, recourse is made to the *qafah* (paternity assessment by physical resemblance) based on the precedent of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, as paternity is plausible for both. If the *qafah* attributes the child to both, the sale should be nullified, and the female slave becomes an *umm walad* to the seller because it becomes evident she was pregnant by him before the sale.