What are the divisions of homicide?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Wounds
Primary text
The majority of scholars divide homicide into three categories: intentional (amd), شبه العمد (Shibh al-Amd, resembling intentional), and accidental (khata'). This division is narrated from Umar and Ali, and supported by scholars like Ash-Shafi'i and the people of Iraq. The evidence supporting the division into three categories is the hadith narrated from Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-'As, where the Prophet (peace be upon him) specified the blood money (diya) for the 'accidental intentional killing' (diya al-khata' shibh al-amd) committed with a whip or stick is one hundred camels.
Supporting text
Imam Malik denied the category of Shibh al-Amd, stating that the Book of Allah only mentions intentional and accidental killing, and he considered Shibh al-Amd to fall under intentional killing. Abu Al-Khattab further divided it into four categories, adding a fourth type categorized as resembling accidental killing, such as a sleeper falling onto and killing someone.