Must a partner who kills another partner, knowing the latter already pardoned the killer for the homicide, face retaliation (Qisas)?

Chapter on Retaliation (Qawad)

Al-Mughni

Book of Wounds

Book 47 · Issue 1 · Bab 2

Open in Qurani

Primary text

Retaliation (Qisas) is obligatory upon the partner who kills his co-owner, despite knowing the co-owner had already pardoned the killer, regardless of whether a judge ruled on the pardon or not. This position is held by Abu Hanifa and Abu Thawr, and it appears to be the dominant view of Al-Shafi'i. The evidence for this is that the killer intentionally murdered a life deserving protection equivalent to his own, knowing he had no right to kill that person. Therefore, Qisas is incumbent, similar to a scenario where a judge ruled for a pardon. The existence of a scholarly dispute does not negate Qisas; for instance, if a Muslim kills an infidel, we execute the killer despite the dispute regarding his execution.

Supporting text

An alternative view holds that Qisas is not obligatory because the killer possesses a mitigating circumstance (shubha) due to the existing difference of opinion regarding the matter. However, this is rejected because the intentional killing of a protected life without right necessitates Qisas, just as if a judge had decreed the pardon.