What is the ruling when a person dies after treating a wound with poison?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Wounds
Primary text
If a person wounds another, and the injured party treats the wound with poison, resulting in death, the ruling depends on the poison's nature. If the poison causes immediate death, the deceased has effectively killed himself, halting the accountability for the original wound. If the wound itself necessitated retribution (Qisas) for its degree, the heir of the deceased is entitled to Qisas. If the wound did not necessitate Qisas, the heir is entitled to Arsh (compensation). If the poison was not typically lethal but caused death in this instance, it is considered akin to accidental killing (Amad al-khata) committed by the victim upon himself. In such a case, the original wielder of the instrument is liable for half the blood money (Diyah) relative to his accomplice in a case of accidental killing. If the poison typically causes death after some time, it may also be considered Amad al-khata because the intent was treatment, not murder, thus aligning with a killing where intent was absent. Alternatively, it might be treated as intentional killing (Amad), in which case the accountability of the accomplice follows the two views mentioned in the preceding section.
Supporting text
If the poison causes death typically after a delay, it is debated whether it falls under intentional killing (Amad), leading to the two established views concerning the accomplice in an intentional wrongful death.