What is the ruling regarding retribution (Qisas), blood money (Diyya), or expiation (Kaffara) if a Muslim's hand is cut off, and the victim subsequently apostatizes and dies due to the wound's progression (Sarayah)?

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No retribution, no blood money, and no expiation is obligatory when a Muslim's hand is cut off, and the victim subsequently apostatizes and dies from the resulting wound. This is because the deceased is an apostate whose life is neither inviolable nor guaranteed (Ma'sum nor Mamun). This ruling is applied analogously if the hand of a Dhimmi (protected non-Muslim) is cut, he becomes a hostile combatant (Harbi), and subsequently dies from the injury.