Under what specific conditions must multiple parties face Qisas for a single instance of limb severance?
General Chapter
Al-Mughni
Book of Wounds
Primary text
Qisas is incumbent upon those jointly involved in mutilating a limb only when their actions are indistinguishable, such as when two witnesses testify leading to the cutting, and then retract their testimony, or if they coerce someone to cut a limb (all coercers and the coerced are liable), or if they drop a stone on a person's limb causing severance, or if they sever a hand while removing an eye with a single blow, or if they both push/lean on a rod placed on a joint until it severs. This is the view of Al-Shafi'i, Malik, and Abu Thawr.
Supporting text
If each perpetrator cuts from a separate side, or one completes what another started, or each delivers a separate blow, or they take turns pulling a saw across the joint until the hand separates, there is no Qisas because no single individual performed the complete severance nor participated in cutting the entirety such that their act is indistinguishable. If the action of one individual alone would have warranted Qisas, retribution is taken from him.