Who has the authority to distribute the Khums from Rikaaz?
Chapter on Zakat on Gold and Silver
Al-Mughni
Book of Zakat
Primary text
It is permissible for the individual who finds the treasure to personally distribute the Khums. This view is held by the companions of Al-Ra'y (the Hanafi school), Ibn al-Mundhir, and Imam Ahmad, based on the narration that Ali commanded the finder of the treasure to distribute it among the poor. This is because the right holder (the poor) has received their due, thus absolving the distributor, similar to distributing Zakah or paying off a debt.
Supporting text
The alternative view is that it is not permissible for the finder to distribute it personally because the Khums from Rikaaz is considered Fay' (return/public revenue), and therefore, the finder cannot distribute it themselves, similar to the Khums of Ghanimah. Abu Thawr adheres to this position.