Is it permissible to combine different types of livestock (species or classes) to meet the minimum Zakat threshold?
Chapter on Zakat on Sheep
Al-Mughni
Book of Zakat
Primary text
There is no known disagreement among the scholars regarding combining different classes of animals to establish the obligation of Zakat. Ibn al-Mundhir confirms the consensus among scholars known to him that sheep are combined with goats. Once this is established, the owner may pay the Zakat from whichever type of animal he prefers, irrespective of whether the required number necessitates paying from both types or whether one type alone reaches a complete obligation threshold. The payment should be in animals whose total value equals the value of the prescribed animals across both types combined. For example, if the required payment from one type has a value of twelve and from the other fifteen, the owner pays from one type an animal valued at thirteen and a half.
Supporting text
Al-Nakha'i, Malik, and Ishaq state that the owner must pay from the type that has the greater number; if the numbers are equal, he chooses freely. Al-Shafi'i maintains that by strict analogy, the Zakat should be taken from each type according to its proportion, similar to the rule for various types of fruits and grains.